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. 2023 Dec 11;27:130. doi: 10.1186/s40824-023-00468-6

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Various applications on regenerative medicine using endogenous engineered EVs. A The functional enhancements with TNF-α and INF-γ (TI) priming on MSC and the therapeutic effects on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reproduced with permission from [21]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. B High expression of PD-L1 and applications for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes with TNF-α and INF-γ preconditioned MSC derived EV (TI-EV). Reproduced with permission from [71]. Copyright 2023 John Wiley & Sons