Table I.
Demographic characteristics of the groups at preintervention.
| EMT + PE | BAU | |
|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 15 | 15 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 8 (53.33%) | 10 (66.67%) |
| Female | 7 (46.67%) | 5 (33.33%) |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||
| Caucasian | 12 (80%) | 11 (73.33%) |
| African-American | 0 | 1 (6.67%) |
| Hispanic | 0 | 1 (6.67%) |
| Asian | 3 (20%) | 1 (6.675) |
| Cleft palate type | ||
| Cleft palate only | 4 (26.67%) | 4 (26.67%) |
| Unilateral CL/P | 8 (53.33%) | 8 (53.33%) |
| Bilateral CL/P | 3 (20%) | 3 (20%) |
| Age of palate repaira,b | 12.47 (4.10) | 10.54 (1.73) |
| Range | [9, 25] | [7, 14] |
| Mother’s education levela | ||
| GED | 1 (6.67%) | 0 |
| High school | 3 (20%) | 0 |
| Some college or 2-year degree | 4 (26.67%) | 4 (26.67%) |
| 4-year degree or more | 7 (46.67%) | 10 (66.67%) |
| Annual gross incomea | ||
| <$25,000 | 0 | 2 (13.33%) |
| $30,000–$74,999 | 7 (46.67%) | 6 (40%) |
| ≥$75,000 | 8 (53.33%) | 6 (40%) |
Notes. EMT+PE: Enhanced Milieu Teaching with Phonological Emphasis; BAU: business as usual; CL/P: cleft lip/palate; GED: General Educational Development.
a
One record was not completed for participant in BAU group.
b
Mean (standard deviation) [minimum, maximum]. Count (percentage).