Figure 5.

Tests of general behavior and motor planning and execution skills. (A) Diagram of the Kluver board task. (B) The time taken (top) and the success rate (bottom) (mean ± standard error) of the successfully retrieved food rewards from each hole on the board. Student's t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (C) Diagram of the Hill-and-Valley Staircase task. (D) The cumulative time taken to successfully retrieve food rewards with monkeys’ left or right arms. Student's t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (E) The total scores achieved by the monkeys in each experiment. The data from the left hand and the right hand were added up for each monkey. The peanut closest to the slot was assigned one point and the farthest was assigned five points. Mann-Whitney U-test, *P < 0.05. (F) Comparison of the frequencies of reaching directly for food rewards behind the organic glass plate, where the TG monkeys displayed significantly lower frequencies for both the hill and valley staircase. Chi-square test, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.