Figure 1. C-HORSE architecture.

The model consists of dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1 subfields which map inputs from superficial (EC_in) to deep layers (EC_out) of the entorhinal cortex. The height and color of each box represents the activity level of a unit. The trisynaptic pathway (TSP) connects EC to CA1 via DG and CA3 (blue arrows), and the monosynaptic pathway (MSP) connects EC directly with CA1 (green arrows). The TSP specializes in pattern separation (depicted as separated blue pools of neurons), whereas the MSP contains more overlapping representations (overlapping green pools).