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. 2023 Aug 10;9(6):469–484. doi: 10.1159/000533296

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

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Fig. 4. — Alterations of polyamine metabolism in kidney diseases and therapeutic effects of polyamine supplementation. The green background showed the changes in polyamine metabolism in AKI and CKD, and the pink background indicated the effect of polyamine supplementation on kidney diseases. AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IRI, ischemia-reperfusion injury; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; LN, lupus nephritis; UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ODC1, ornithine decarboxylase 1; SRM, spermidine synthase; SMOX, spermine oxidase; SAT1, spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase 1. Created with BioRender.com.