Table 3.

Predicted means (M), standard errors (SE), and confidence intervals (CI) for key variables for unaffected and SLI-affected participants on initial assessment.

Variable	Unaffected (n = 213)				SLI affected (n = 270)				Group comparisons
	M	SE	95% CI		M	SE	95% CI		t	df	Cohen's d
			LL	UL			LL	UL
First GJ age yearsa	8.09	0.21	7.67	8.51	8.13	0.19	7.75	8.50	−0.14	478	−0.01
Omnibus languageb	100.63	0.65	99.36	101.91	78.13	0.58	76.99	79.28	26.47	483	2.41
Nonverbal IQc	104.23	0.77	102.71	105.74	98.27	0.70	96.88	99.65	6.13	471	0.56
Maternal educationd	3.49	0.09	3.31	3.67	3.36	0.09	3.18	3.54	2.97	265	0.36

Note. Bold values indicate p < .01. SLI = specific language impairment; LL = lower limit; UL = lower limit; GJ = grammaticality judgment.

^aAge in years at first GJ Complex assessment.

^bFirst available of Test Language Development–Primary: Second Edition or Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Third Edition.

^cColumbia Mental Maturity Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition, or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (first available starting at 5 years of age).

^dCoded where 1 = some high school, no diploma; 2 = high school graduate, diploma, or general equivalency diploma; 3 = some college, no degree; 4 = bachelor's degree; 5 = some graduate work; 6 = graduate degree.