Table 1.
Summary characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Study design | Country or region | Study interval |
Sample size | Recurrence rate |
Female | NOS points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahn (2015) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | 1989.01-2005.12 | 56 | 30.36% | 46.43% | 6 |
| Allen (2017) | Retrospective cohort | Australia, New Zealand |
1985-2014 | 2501 | 9.00% | NA | 8 |
| Andresdottir (2001) | Retrospective cohort | Netherlands | 1969-1997 | 79 | 8.86% | NA | 6 |
| Avasare (2017) | Retrospective cohort | USA | 2001.01-2012.12 | 62 | 22.58% | 35.48% | 7 |
| Bachman (1986) | Retrospective cohort | USA | 1969-1984.05 | 13 | 46.15% | 7.69% | 5 |
| Bantis (2008) | Retrospective cohort | Germany | 1986-2004 | 103 | 15.53% | 20.39% | 6 |
| Berger (1984) | Retrospective cohort | France | NA | 32 | 53.13% | NA | 6 |
| Berthoux (2008) | Retrospective cohort | France | 1979.03-2005.12 | 116 | 28.45% | NA | 6 |
| Berthoux (2015) | Case-control | France | 2000-2012 | 60 | NA | 40.00% | 7 |
| Berthoux (2017) | Retrospective cohort | France | 1985.01-2007.12 | 96 | 35.42% | 17.71% | 7 |
| Bjørneklett (2011) | Retrospective cohort | Norway | 1988-2004 | 106 | NA | NA | 6 |
| Bumgardner (1998) | Retrospective cohort | USA | 1980.06-1994.12 | 61 | 29.51% | 34.43% | 8 |
| Chacko (2007) | Retrospective cohort | India | 1990.01-2004.05 | 20 | 25.00% | 25.00% | 5 |
| Chandrakantan (2005) | Retrospective cohort | USA | 1984.01-2003.08 | 156 | 12.82% | NA | 6 |
| Choy (2003) | Retrospective cohort | China | 1984.01-2001.12 | 75 | 18.67% | 37.33% | 8 |
| Coppo (2007) | Retrospective cohort | Italy | 1984-2002.11 | 61 | 49.18% | 32.79% | 7 |
| Courtney (2006) | Retrospective cohort | UK | 1977.08-2004.04 | 75 | 17.33% | 14.67% | 6 |
| Di Vico (2018) | Retrospective cohort | Italy | 1995.01-2012.12 | 51 | 54.90% | NA | 7 |
| Freese (1999) | Retrospective cohort | Sweden | 1985-1996.12 | 104 | 12.50% | 20.19% | 7 |
| Garnier (2018) | Retrospective cohort | France | 2003.01-2013.12 | 67 | 20.90% | 17.91% | 6 |
| Han (2009) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | NA | 221 | 19.91% | 42.08% | 7 |
| Jäger (2022) | Retrospective cohort | Switzerland | 2008.05-2016.12 | 161 | 26.71% | 17.39% | 8 |
| Jeong (2008) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | 1992-2003 | 77 | 57.14% | 27.27% | 7 |
| Ji (2016) | Retrospective cohort | China | 1996.01-2009.04 | 148 | 31.08% | 74.32% | 5 |
| Jiang (2018) | Retrospective cohort | Australia, New Zealand |
1985-2013 | 2393 | 9.65% | 24.15% | 6 |
| Jo (2019) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | 2011.1-2015.10 | 69 | 15.94% | 42.03% | 6 |
| Kamal Aziz (2012) | Retrospective cohort | France | 1982-2012 | 142 | 17.61% | NA | 5 |
| Kavanagh (2022) | Retrospective cohort | USA | 2005-2019 | 282 | 28.37% | 30.85% | 7 |
| Kawabe (2016) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | 1987-2015 | 21 | 28.57% | 61.90% | 6 |
| Kennard (2017) | Retrospective cohort | Australia, New Zealand |
1985-2013 | 2393 | NA | NA | 6 |
| Kessler (1996) | Retrospective cohort | France | 1985.01-1991.06 | 28 | 46.43% | 14.29% | 6 |
| Kim (2001) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | 1984.02-1998.10 | 43 | 44.19% | NA | 7 |
| Kim (2017) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | 1990.02-2016.02 | 95 | NA | NA | 6 |
| Lee (2019) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | 1995.02-2015.03 | 218 | NA | NA | 5 |
| Lionaki (2021) | Retrospective cohort | Greece | 2000-2018 | 96 | 23.96% | 29.17% | 7 |
| Maixnerova (2021) | Retrospective cohort | Czech | 1991-2017 | 313 | 14.06% | 19.17% | 8 |
| Martín‐Penagos (2019) | Retrospective cohort | Spain | 1993.01-2015.12 | 35 | 40.00% | 20.00% | 6 |
| McDonald (2006) | Retrospective cohort | Australia, New Zealand |
1987.10-2004.12 | 1386 | 7.94% | NA | 7 |
| Moriyama (2005) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | 1992-1999 | 49 | 26.53% | 34.69% | 6 |
| Moroni (2013) | Retrospective cohort | Italy | 1981-2010 | 190 | 22.11% | 21.58% | 7 |
| Nakamura (2021) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | NA | 15 | 46.67% | 33.33% | 5 |
| Namba (2004) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | 1980-2001 | 30 | 80.00% | 33.33% | 6 |
| Ng (2007) | Retrospective cohort | Singapore | 1984.11-2004.12 | 29 | 27.59% | NA | 6 |
| Nijim (2016) | Retrospective cohort | USA | 1993.04-2014.11 | 122 | 18.85% | 31.15% | 6 |
| Noguchi (2020) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | 2002.12-2018.12 | 135 | NA | 54.07% | 7 |
| Odum (1994) | Retrospective cohort | Australia | 1977-1992.09 | 51 | 33.33% | 6.25% | 5 |
| Okumi (2019) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | 1995.01-2015.03 | 299 | 26.76% | 44.15% | 7 |
| Ortiz (2012) | Retrospective cohort | Finland, Spain | 2001.01-2010.04 | 65 | 32.31% | 15.38% | 8 |
| Park (2021) | Retrospective cohort | Korea | 2009-2016 | 27 | 48.15% | 37.04% | 5 |
| Ponticelli (2001) | Retrospective cohort | Italy | 1973.07-1999.09 | 106 | 32.08% | 24.53% | 7 |
| Rodas (2020) | Retrospective cohort | Spain | 1992-2016 | 86 | 26.74% | 26.74% | 7 |
| Sato (2013) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | 1990-2005 | 184 | 38.04% | 44.02% | 6 |
| Sofue (2013) | Retrospective cohort | Japan | 2003.08-2011.02 | 35 | 34.29% | 28.57% | 6 |
| Temurhan (2017) | Case-control | Turkey | NA | 41 | NA | 26.83% | 6 |
| Uffing (2021) | Retrospective cohort | Europe, North and South America | 2005.01-2015.12 | 504 | 16.27% | 28.17% | 9 |
| Von Visger (2014) | Retrospective cohort | USA | 1989.06-2008.11 | 124 | 21.77% | 27.42% | 6 |
| Wang (2001) | Retrospective cohort | China | 1985.01-1998.12 | 48 | 29.17% | 54.17% | 6 |
| Wang (2021) | Retrospective cohort | China | 2008.01-2019.12 | 149 | 26.85% | 44.30% | 6 |
NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa scale; NA, not available.