Table 1. High quality reviews of mindfulness and mediation.
| Author, year | Review type | Professional group | Direction of evidence |
Outcome(s) | Quality* score | Additional interventions studied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aryankhesal 2019 (49) | Systematic review | Health care and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 7/13 | Organisational modifications; Education / information provision; Psychological therapies (individual); Mindfulness / meditation |
| Bartlett 2019 (50) | Systematic review and Meta-analysis | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 14/16 | |
| Positive effect | Fatigue | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Brand 2017 (51) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Mental Well-being | 11/13 | Mixed (Mindfulness / meditation; Education / information provision; Team-building activities; Organisational modifications) |
| Bresesti 2020 (52) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 8/13 | Mindfulness / meditation; Education / information provision; Organisational modifications |
| Brooks 2018 (46) | Systematic review | Mixed / not stated | No conclusion | Mental Illness | 7/13 | Psychological therapies (individual); Mindfulness / meditation |
| Burton 2017 (53) | Systematic review and Meta-analysis | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 9/16 | |
| Busireddy 2017 (47) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 11/16 | Organisational modifications; Mindfulness / meditation |
| Cocker 2016 (54) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | No conclusion | Burnout / Stress | 7/13 | Mindfulness / meditation; Education / information provision; Arts-based interventions; Psychological therapies (group); Brain stimulation (psychological therapies (individual) |
| Emerson 2017 (55) | Systematic review | Education and training | No conclusion | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 8/13 | |
| No conclusion | Burnout / Stress | |||||
| No conclusion | Mental Illness | |||||
| No conclusion | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | |||||
| Dharmawardene 2016 (56) | Systematic review and Meta-analysis | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 10/16 | |
| Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Dreison 2018 (57) | Meta-analysis | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 10/16 | Education / information provision; Mindfulness / meditation; Psychological therapies (individual) |
| Ghawadra 2019 (58) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 9/13 | |
| Positive effect | Employee Satisfaction | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Gilmartin 2017 (59) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 11/13 | |
| Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Neutral Effect | Productivity | |||||
| Haggman-Laitila 2018 (60) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 8/13 | Mindfulness / meditation; Spiritual / religious |
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Heckenberg 2018 (61) | Systematic review and Meta-analysis | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 11/16 | |
| Howarth 2018 (45) | Systematic review | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Fatigue | 10/13 | |
| Positive effect | Productivity | |||||
| Hwang 2017 (62) | Systematic review | Education and training | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 9/13 | |
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Positive effect | Productivity | |||||
| Positive effect | Fatigue | |||||
| Ivandic 2017 (63) | Systematic review | Mixed / not stated | No Conclusion | Mental well-being | 8/13 | Mindfulness / meditation; Education / information provision |
| Janssen 2018 (64) | Systematic review | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 9/13 | |
| Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | |||||
| Positive effect | Fatigue | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Kunzler 2020 (...professionals) (65) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 16/16 | Psychological therapies (group), Mindfulness / meditation; Psychological therapies (individual) |
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Kunzler 2020 (...students) (66) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 16/16 | Psychological therapies (group), Mindfulness / meditation; Psychological therapies (individual) |
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Lee 2016 (67) | Meta-analysis | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 11/16 | Psychological therapies (group); Education / information provision; Mindfulness / meditation; Peer support |
| Lomas 2019 (68) | Systematic review and Meta-analysis | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 11/16 | |
| Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Positive effect | Productivity | |||||
| Luken 2016 (69) | Systematic review | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 8/13 | |
| Murray 2016 (70) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Mental Illness | 11/13 | Psychological therapies (individual); Education / Information provision; Mindfulness / meditation |
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Panagioti 2017 (71) | Meta-analysis | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 12/16 | Mindfulness / meditation; Education / information provision; Exercise; Organisational modifications |
| Ryan 2017 (72) | Scoping review | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 7/13 | |
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Soprovich 2020 (73) | Systematic review | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Fatigue | 8/13 | Exercise; Mindfulness / meditation; Education / Information provision |
| Stanulewicz 2019 (74) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 11/13 | Exercise; Mindfulness / meditation; Education / Information provision |
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Positive effect | Physical Health | |||||
| Positive effect | Productivity | |||||
| Suleiman-Martos 2020 (75) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 11/16 | |
| Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | |||||
| Positive effect | Life Purpose and Satisfaction | |||||
| Trowbridge 2016 (76) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 7/13 | |
| Positive effect | Productivity | |||||
| Vega-Escano 2020 (77) | Systematic review and Meta-analysis | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Fatigue | 13/16 | Psychological therapies (group); Mindfulness / meditation; Psychological therapies (individual) |
| Verbeek 2019 (78) | Scoping review | Mixed / not stated | Positive effect | Fatigue | 7/13 | Psychological therapies (group); Psychological therapies (individual) |
| West 2016 (79) | Meta-analysis | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 13/16 | Organisational modifications; Education / information provision; Mindfulness / meditation |
| Wild 2020 (80) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Mental Illness; | 10/13 | Mindfulness / meditation; Psychological therapies (individual); Psychological therapies (group); Exercise; Education / Information provision |
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Positive effect | Physical Health | |||||
| Williams 2018 (81) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | 8/13 | Team building; Exercise, Mindfulness / meditation; Psychological therapies (individual); Psychological therapies (group) |
| Positive effect | Mental Illness | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Well-being | |||||
| Positive effect | Physical Health | |||||
| Xu 2020 (82) | Systematic review | Healthcare and social assistance | Positive effect | Attitudinal and / or Emotional Measures | 15/16 | |
| Positive effect | Burnout / Stress | |||||
| Positive effect | Fatigue | |||||
| Positive effect | Mental Illness |
* Quality of review refers to the quality assessed by two reviewers using AMSTAR 2.