TABLE 3.

Regulation of laxatives on the expression of AQP3 in the constipation models of rodents.

Category	Laxative	Species	Dosage	Method	AQP3 expression	Constipation alleviation effect	References
Osmotic laxatives	MgSO4	Rat	2 g/kg	Oral administration	Colon↑	Increased fecal water content	Zhu et al. (2019a)
	Lactulose	Mouse	3 g/kg lactulose	Gavage treatment	Colon↑	Increased fecal number, fecal weight and fecal water content	Tan et al. (2021)
	Fructose	Rat	Not mentioned	Feed	Unchanged	Fructose did not improve constipation	Cong et al. (2019)
Stimulant laxatives	Bisacodyl	Rat	20 mg/kg body weight	Oral administration	Colon↓	Increased water content after 5 h adminstration	Ikarashi et al. (2011b)
	Bisacodyl	Rat	0.25 mg/kg	Oral administration	Colon↓	Increased fecal number and weights	Na et al. (2022)
	Emodin	Mouse	1, 2 and 3 g/kg/day	Oral administration	Colon↑	Increased the evacuation index of defecation and fecal water content	Zheng et al. (2014)
	Daiokanzoto	Rat	1.5 g/kg	Oral administration	Colon↓	Increased total weight of feces and fecal water content	Kon et al. (2018a)
	Rhubarb extract	Rat	1 g/kg body weight	Oral administration	Colon↓	Increased fecal water content	Kon et al. (2014)
	Sennoside A	Rat	50 mg/kg body weight	Oral administration	Colon↓	Increased fecal water content	Kon et al. (2014)
	Senna extract	Rat	1725 or 3,450 mg/kg	Gavage treatment	Colon↓	Not determined	Cao et al. (2018)
Serotonergic agents	Fluoxetine	Rat	10 mg/kg	Intraperitoneal injection	Colon↓	Increased number of fecal pellets and weight of pellets	Kon et al. (2015)
	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis HFY14	Mouse	1×108 or 1 × 109 CFU/kg	Gavage treatment	Colon↑	High dose of HFY14 increased fecal number, fecal weight and fecal water content	Tan et al. (2021)
	Mixture of B. breve DM8310, L. acidophilus DM8302, and L. casei DM8121	Rat	1 × 109 CFU/kg	Intragastric administration	Colon↑	Increased fecal water content and improved small intestine transit	Deng et al. (2018)
	Dietary fiber	Rat	5%, 10%, and 15% high specific volume polysaccharide	Feed	Colon ↓	Increased fecal relative moisture content and reduced fecal hardness at medium or high doses	Cong et al. (2019)
	Dietary fiber	Rat	5% partially hydrolyzed guar gum	Feed	Colon ↓	Increased fecal water content	Kon et al., 2022
Lubricating agents	Rhein	Mouse	0.1 mL/10 g body weight	Gavage treatment	Colon↓	Reduced first defecation and increased red stools number	Sun et al. (2018)
Others	Citric acid-enriched extract of ripe Prunus mume	Rat	100 or 200 mg/kg	Oral administration	Colon↓	Increased number of feces, fecal weights and fecal moisture	Na et al. (2022)
	Resin glycoside fraction	Rat	62.5 or 125 mg/kg	Oral administration	Colon↓	Watery stool was obvious after 6 h adminstration	Zhu et al. (2019b)
	Mulberry	Mouse	62.5, 125, and 250 mg/mL mulberry powder	Oral administration	Colon ↓	Increased fecal water content and shorten the first red fecal defecation time	Hu et al. (2019)
	Naringenin	Mouse	300 mg/kg body weight, once a day for 5 days	Intragastric administration	Colon↑	Increased fecal number, fecal weight, fecal water content, and gastrointestinal transit	Yin et al. (2018)