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. 2023 Oct 11;5(12):507–520. doi: 10.1096/fba.2023-00057

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Effects of AKT inhibitor on α‐synuclein (α‐syn) expression and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels in patient‐derived dopaminergic neurons (MD‐DNs). Dental pulp stem cells were differentiated into DNs in the absence or presence of AKT inhibitor VIII. (A) Levels of α‐Syn and phosphorylated GSK3β in DNs were measured using western blotting. The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) was obtained from three independent experiments. (B) Cytosolic (left panel) and mitochondrial (right panel) Ca2+ in DNs were measured using Fluo‐4 AM and Rhod2‐AM, respectively. The mean ± SEM was obtained from three independent experiments. n.s., not significant.