Table 1.
Variables | Overall, N=2464 (100.0%) |
Never use,a
N=1198 (48.6%) |
Former use, N=477 (19.4%) |
Current use, N=789 (32.0%) |
p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Sociodemographics | |||||
MSA | <0.001 | ||||
Atlanta metro area | 382 (15.5) | 207 (17.3) | 67 (14.1) | 108 (13.7) | |
Boston metro area | 326 (13.2) | 175 (14.5) | 63 (13.2) | 89 (11.3) | |
Minneapolis metro area | 343 (13.9) | 154 (15.5) | 74 (15.5) | 114 (14.6) | |
Oklahoma City metro area | 153 (6.2) | 83 (6.9) | 25 (5.2) | 45 (5.7) | |
San Diego metro area | 365 (14.8) | 170 (14.2) | 66 (13.8) | 129 (16.4) | |
Seattle metro area | 312 (12.7) | 125 (10.4) | 53 (11.1) | 134 (17.0) | |
Otherb | 583 (23.7) | 285 (23.8) | 129 (27.0) | 169 (21.4) | |
Age (mean, SD) | 24.67 (4.69) | 24.28 (4.67) | 24.51 (4.57) | 25.35 (4.71) | <0.001 |
Femalec | 1374 (57.4) | 618 (52.8) | 281 (61.0) | 475 (62.3) | <0.001 |
Sexual minority | 766 (31.1) | 312 (26.0) | 174 (36.5) | 280 (35.5) | <0.001 |
Race | <0.001 | ||||
White | 1756 (71.3) | 809 (67.5) | 363 (76.1) | 584 (74.0) | |
Black | 133 (5.4) | 77 (6.4) | 17 (3.6) | 39 (4.9) | |
Asian | 315 (12.8) | 206 (17.2) | 44 (9.2) | 65 (8.2) | |
Other | 260 (10.6) | 106 (8.9) | 53 (11.1) | 101 (12.8) | |
Hispanic | 272 (11.0) | 145 (12.1) | 39 (8.2) | 88 (11.2) | 0.068 |
Education ≥Bachelor's degree | 1860 (75.5) | 936 (78.1) | 356 (74.6) | 568 (72.0) | 0.007 |
CBD-related characteristics | |||||
I am familiar with CBD, mean (SD)d | 4.74 (1.76) | 3.87 (1.68) | 5.18 (1.50) | 5.79 (1.31) | <0.001 |
How first learned about CBDe | |||||
From friends/family members | 1451 (58.9) | 637 (53.2) | 318 (66.7) | 496 (62.9) | <0.001 |
Products/ads at retail stores | 897 (36.4) | 486 (40.6) | 171 (35.9) | 240 (30.4) | <0.001 |
Content/ads online | 858 (34.8) | 451 (37.6) | 150 (31.5) | 257 (32.6) | 0.015 |
Exposure to CBD stores | 678 (27.5) | 347 (29.0) | 122 (25.6) | 209 (26.5) | 0.276 |
Social media postings | 659 (26.7) | 329 (27.5) | 118 (24.7) | 212 (26.9) | 0.522 |
TV | 261 (10.6) | 143 (11.9) | 47 (9.9) | 71 (9.0) | 0.096 |
Fliers, ads, and promotions in print media | 235 (9.5) | 117 (9.8) | 49 (10.3) | 69 (8.8) | 0.623 |
Radio | 160 (6.5) | 95 (7.9) | 24 (5.0) | 41 (5.2) | 0.019 |
Health care provider | 152 (6.2) | 52 (4.3) | 22 (4.6) | 78 (9.9) | <0.001 |
Other | 191 (7.8) | 65 (5.4) | 41 (8.6) | 85 (10.8) | <0.001 |
Never heard of CBD | 52 (2.1) | 52 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | n/a |
CBD use intentions (next year), mean (SD)d | |||||
Any CBD product | 3.17 (2.18) | 1.99 (1.46) | 2.83 (1.78) | 5.17 (1.88) | <0.001 |
Edible product (e.g., gummies, candies) | 3.09 (2.14) | 2.13 (1.63) | 2.94 (1.95) | 4.64 (2.06) | <0.001 |
Lotions, creams, or balms | 3.08 (2.15) | 2.18 (1.71) | 2.99 (1.98) | 4.51 (2.10) | <0.001 |
Oil extracts | 2.52 (1.94) | 1.75 (1.35) | 2.26 (3.86) | 3.86 (2.15) | <0.001 |
Capsules or pills | 2.43 (1.94) | 1.75 (1.38) | 2.20 (1.70) | 3.59 (2.24) | <0.001 |
Beverages | 2.33 (1.86) | 1.64 (1.28) | 1.63 (1.63) | 3.47 (2.19) | <0.001 |
CBD in a vaporizer or vape pen | 2.23 (1.85) | 1.55 (1.22) | 2.13 (1.70) | 3.31 (2.19) | <0.001 |
Knowledge of CBD regulation, mean (SD) | 1.14 (1.26) | 1.03 (1.25) | 1.19 (1.27) | 1.26 (1.27) | <0.001 |
Perceptions of CBD, mean (SD)d | |||||
Perceived risk | 2.32 (1.48) | 2.79 (1.63) | 1.99 (1.19) | 1.82 (1.13) | <0.001 |
Perceived addictiveness | 2.34 (1.64) | 2.77 (1.79) | 2.02 (1.41) | 1.90 (1.35) | <0.001 |
Perceived harmfulness to health | 2.30 (1.62) | 2.82 (1.79) | 1.95 (1.29) | 1.73 (1.23) | <0.001 |
Perceived social acceptability | 5.87 (1.62) | 5.32 (1.87) | 6.27 (1.24) | 6.47 (1.03) | <0.001 |
CBD is effective in: | |||||
Relieving pain | 4.60 (1.68) | 4.19 (1.67) | 4.59 (1.67) | 5.23 (1.50) | 0.002 |
Reducing anxiety | 4.53 (1.68) | 4.13 (1.63) | 4.48 (1.71) | 5.16 (1.50) | 0.005 |
Helping people sleep | 4.56 (1.69) | 4.11 (1.65) | 4.54 (1.68) | 5.25 (1.52) | 0.017 |
Therapy for epilepsy/seizures | 4.59 (1.78) | 4.15 (1.76) | 4.66 (1.78) | 5.21 (1.61) | 0.008 |
Overall index score (average of above 4 items) | 4.57 (1.54) | 4.15 (1.55) | 4.57 (1.53) | 5.21 (1.29) | <0.001 |
Perceived difficulty accessing CBD, mean (SD)f | 1.62 (0.97) | 1.85 (1.07) | 1.47 (0.89) | 1.35 (0.74) | <0.001 |
Notes: p-values reflect omnibus tests of differences across three subgroups (i.e., never, former, current users).
n=73 “do not know” to “Have you ever used CBD?” were recoded as “never users.”
Moved since baseline.
n=69 chose “other.”
Scale of 1=not at all to 7=extremely.
Check all that apply.
1=very easy to 5=very difficult; n=13 “prefer not to answer” (excluded).
CBD, cannabidiol; MSA, metropolitan statistical area; SD, standard deviation.