Table 3.
Reports of Cryptosporidium felis, C. canis and Giardia assemblages C, D and F in humans globally.
| Species/Assemblage | No. of cases | Comment | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cryptosporidium | ||||
| C. felis | 2 | HIV+ patients | Algeria | Semmani et al. (2023) |
| 1 | 21-year-old female with diarrhoea | Australia | Ebner et al. (2015) | |
| 5 | HIV+ patients | Brazil | Lucca et al. (2009) | |
| 4 | School children | Brazil | Pacheco et al. (2022) | |
| 2 | Sporadic cases | Canada | Guy et al. (2021) | |
| 2 | Hospitalised children (median 36 months-old) | China | Feng et al. (2012) | |
| 8 | 1 HIV+, 4 with diarrhoea, 2 with non-gastrointestinal illnesses | China | Liu et al. (2020) | |
| 3 | Kindergarten children aged 2–6 years | China | Wang et al. (2022b) | |
| 1 | Average age 5 years | Colombia | Higuera et al. (2020) | |
| 2 | 1 child and 1 HIV+ patient | Colombia | Uran-Velasquez et al. (2022) | |
| 1 | C. felis identified in owner’s cat | Colombia | Potes-Morales and Crespo-Ortiz (2023) | |
| 5 | HIV+/AIDS patients | Ethiopia | Adamu et al. (2014) | |
| 6 | HIV+ patients | France | Guyot et al. (2001) | |
| 15 | 10 HIV+ patients, 3 transplant patients | France | ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (2010) | |
| 10 | Immunodeficient individuals | France | Costa et al. (2018) | |
| 6 | 40% immunodeficient patients | France | Costa et al. (2020) | |
| 2 | AIDS patients | Hatai | RaccurtBrasseur et al. (2006) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | India | Muthusamy et al. (2006) | |
| 3 | Patients with diarrhoea; many had underlying clinical conditions | India | Khalil et al. (2017) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | Jamaica | Gatei et al. (2008) | |
| 2 | Children aged < 5 years | Kenya | Gatei et al. (2006) | |
| 1 | HIV+/AIDS patients | Malaysia | Lim et al. (2011) | |
| 4 | Children aged 3–14 years | Mozambique | Muadica et al. (2021) | |
| 1 | HIV+/AIDS patients | Nigeria | Ukwah et al. (2017) | |
| 1 | All children; not associated with diarrhoea | Peru | Xiao et al. (2001) | |
| 24 | 3.3% of typed positives from HIV+/AIDS patients | Peru | Cama et al. (2003) | |
| 9 | HIV+ patients | Peru | Cama et al. (2006) | |
| 6 | HIV+ patients | Peru | Cama et al. (2007) | |
| 4 | Children aged < 3 years | Peru | Cama et al. (2008) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | Portugal | Alves et al. (2001) | |
| 4 | HIV+ patients | Portugal | Matos et al. (2004) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patient | Spain | Cieloszyk et al. (2012) | |
| 1 | – | Spain | Abal-Fabeiro et al. (2014) | |
| 1 | 37-year-old immunocompetent female with a range of underlying health issues and used inhaled steroids, pet cat also had C. felis | Sweden | Beser et al. (2015) | |
| 4 | Sporadic cases - one had travelled to Asia | Sweden | Lebbad et al. (2021) | |
| 3 | HIV+ patients | Switzerland | Morgan et al. (2000a) | |
| 3 | HIV+ patients | Thailand | Gatei et al. (2002) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | Thailand | Tiangtip and Jongwutiwes (2002) | |
| 1 | HIV+/AIDS patients | Thailand | Srisuphanunt et al. (2011) | |
| 7 | HIV+ patients | Thailand | Sannella et al. (2019) | |
| 1 | Primary school children | Thailand | Sutthikornchai et al. (2021) | |
| 4 | One HIV+ patient, one had a severe underlying condition, one aged 1 year | UK | Pedraza-Días et al. (2001) | |
| 6 | 2 were known to be immunocompromised | UK | Leoni et al. (2006) | |
| 4 | 0.01% (4/8000) of typed cases | UK | Chalmers et al. (2009b) | |
| 38 | 0.3% (38/14,469) of typed cases, 6/38 were immunocompromised | UK | Elwin et al. (2012b) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | USA | Pieniazek et al. (1999) | |
| 3 | Rural Nebraska; age range 7 months to 79 years | USA | Loeck et al. (2020) | |
| 10 | New York City residents. 1.8% (10/547) of typed samples | USA | Alderisio et al. (2023) | |
| 1 | Patients with diarrhoea | Zambia | Mulunda et al. (2020) | |
| 2 | One patient infected while on holiday in India and second patient had “contact with a kitten with diarrhoea 3 weeks before disease onset” | Sweden | Insulander et al. (2013) | |
| C. canis | 1 | School children (10% prevalence) | Angola | Dacal et al. (2018) |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | Brazil | Lucca et al. (2009) | |
| 5 | Symptomatic children attending hospital | Cambodia | Moore et al. (2016) | |
| 1 | Hospitalised children (median 36 months-old) | China | Feng et al. (2012) | |
| 2 | Both with non-gastrointestinal illnesses | China | Liu et al. (2020) | |
| 18 | 40% (12/30) of dog owners and 24% of (6/25) dog shelter workers | Egypt | Khalifa et al. (2023) | |
| 2 | HIV+/AIDS patients | Ethiopia | Adamu et al. (2014) | |
| 4 | 3 HIV+ patients | France | ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (2010) | |
| 3 | 40% immunodeficient patients | France | Costa et al. (2020) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | Jamaica | Gatei et al. (2008) | |
| 1 | Critically ill child in hospital with additional co-infections | Jordan | Hijjawi et al. (2010) | |
| 3 | Children aged < 5 years | Kenya | Gatei et al. (2006) | |
| 2 | Children (24- and 14 months old) | New Zealand | Learmonth et al. (2004) | |
| 1 | Children aged 6 months to 6 years | Nigeria | Molloy et al. (2010) | |
| 2 | All children; not associated with diarrhoea | Peru | Xiao et al. (2001) | |
| 36 | 4% of typed samples from HIV+/AIDS patients | Peru | Cama et al. (2003) | |
| 12 | HIV+ patients | Peru | Cama et al. (2006) | |
| 6 | HIV+ patients | Peru | Cama et al. (2007) | |
| 2 | 32-month-old female, 6.5-year-old brother (and household dog) | Peru | Xiao et al. (2007) | |
| 4 | Children aged < 3 years | Peru | Cama et al. (2008) | |
| 2 | HIV+ patients | Thailand | Gatei et al. (2002) | |
| 1 | HIV+/AIDS patients | Thailand | Srisuphanunt et al. (2011) | |
| 12 | HIV+ patients | Thailand | Sannella et al. (2019) | |
| 1 | Child aged 2 years | UK | Pedraza-Días et al. (2001) | |
| 1 | Child aged 1 year; had returned from Africa | UK | Leoni et al. (2006) | |
| 1 | 0.01% (1/8000) of typed cases | UK | Chalmers et al. (2009a) | |
| 1 | 0.007% (1/14,469) of typed cases | UK | Elwin et al. (2012b) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | USA | Pieniazek et al. (1999) | |
| 1 | Rural Nebraska; age range 7 months to 79 years | USA | Loeck et al. (2020) | |
| 3 | New York City residents. 0.5% (3/547) of typed samples | USA | Alderisio et al. (2023) | |
| 1 | HIV+ patients | Venezuela | Certad et al. (2006) | |
| 2 | 1 human diarrheal and 1 non-diarrheal sample | Vietnam | Iwashita et al. (2021) | |
| Giardia | ||||
| Assemblage C | 5 | Children attending a day-care centre | Brazil | Durigan et al. (2014) |
| 6 | Immunocompromised patients | Brazil | Jeske et al. (2022) | |
| 16 | Typing only conducted at 1 locus | China | Liu et al. (2014) | |
| 3 | HIV+/AIDS patients | China | Jiang et al. (2023) | |
| 1 | Adult immunocompromised male with cancer and diarrhoea | Egypt | Soliman et al. (2011) | |
| 1 | 44-year-old female with chronic diarrhoea; was not a pet owner | Slovakia | Štrkolcová et al. (2015) | |
| Assemblage D | 2 | Travel returnees from Southeastern Asia | Germany | Broglia et al. (2013) |
| 1 | Rural village, lack of water and sanitation. Only typed at 1 locus | Argentina | Candela et al. (2021) | |
| 1 | Immunocompromised patients | Brazil | Jeske et al. (2022) | |
| Assemblage F | 1 | 10-month-old child | Brazil | Silva et al. (2022) |
| 3 | Children. Mixed A and F | Ethiopia | Gelanew et al. (2007) | |
| 3 | Children living with poor sanitation | Slovakia | Pipiková et al. (2022) | |
| 1 | Primary school children | Thailand | Sutthikornchai et al. (2021) | |