TABLE 67.
Summary of Coxiella burnetii statistics relating to humans and the main animal species, EU, 2018–2022.
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019(a) | 2018(a) | Data source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humans | ||||||
| Total number of confirmed cases | 719 | 460 | 523 | 951 | 790 | ECDC |
| Total number of confirmed cases/100,000 population (notification rates) | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.16 | ECDC |
| Number of reporting EU MSs | 25 | 25 | 25 | 27 | 27 | ECDC |
| Infection acquired in the EU | 597 | 359 | 347 | 810 | 629 | ECDC |
| Infection acquired outside the EU | 5 | 3 | 6 | 14 | 12 | ECDC |
| Unknown travel status or unknown country of infection | 117 | 98 | 170 | 127 | 149 | ECDC |
| Animals b | ||||||
| Sheep c | ||||||
| Animals | ||||||
| Serology d | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 526 | 750 | 911 | 666 | 2986 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 11.4 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 9.9 | 14.4 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | EFSA |
| Direct detection e | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 752 | 83 | 347 | 224 | 308 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 3.6 | 6.0 | 8.9 | 18.3 | 13.6 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 0 | 523 | 1566 | 2244 | 852 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | – | 0 | 21.5 | 13.3 | 0.59 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | – | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | EFSA |
| Herds | ||||||
| Serology d | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 128 | 2238 | 17 | 25 | 197 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 97.7 | 18.9 | 5.9 | 28.0 | 8.6 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | EFSA |
| Direct detection e | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 2812 | 3130 | 2890 | 2902 | 3480 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 4.9 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.92 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 0 | 0 | 39 | 53 | 1 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | – | – | 15.4 | 30.2 | 0 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | EFSA |
| Goats | ||||||
| Animals | ||||||
| Serology d | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 140 | 540 | 651 | 656 | 947 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 17.9 | 24.6 | 25.0 | 18.0 | 20.6 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 8 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | EFSA |
| Direct detection e | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 961 | 200 | 247 | 189 | 179 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 2.1 | 16.5 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 8.4 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 0 | 777 | 832 | 845 | 1114 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | – | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | – | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | EFSA |
| Herds | ||||||
| Serology d | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 0 | 4 | 141 | 30 | 212 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | – | 50.0 | 78.7 | 73.3 | 25.5 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MS | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | EFSA |
| Direct detection e | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 1189 | 1283 | 1175 | 1167 | 1302 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 2.8 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 82 | 0 | 12 | 207 | 27 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 62.2 | – | 0 | 84.1 | 29.6 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | EFSA |
| Cattle (bovine animals) | ||||||
| Animals | ||||||
| Serology d | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 7031 | 3405 | 4664 | 8722 | 14,795 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 2.8 | 12.2 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 9.8 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 9 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 11 | EFSA |
| Direct detection e | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 1260 | 452 | 832 | 739 | 4665 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | 2.7 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 4.9 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested animals | 0 | 349 | 3870 | 4240 | 4001 | EFSA |
| % positive animals | – | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.66 | 2.8 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | – | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | EFSA |
| Herds | ||||||
| Serology d | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 113 | 1201 | 312 | 551 | 2283 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 30.1 | 15.1 | 14.4 | 30.7 | 10.2 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | EFSA |
| Direct detection e | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 3934 | 4311 | 3571 | 3673 | 1262 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 7.7 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 2.6 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 6 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | EFSA |
| Other methods/unknown | ||||||
| Number of tested herds | 6 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 132 | EFSA |
| % positive herds | 100 | – | – | 95.3 | 3.8 | EFSA |
| Number of reporting MSs | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | EFSA |
Abbreviations: ECDC, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; EFSA, European Food Safety Authority; MSs, Member States.
Data from the United Kingdom were taken into account for the 2018–2019 period, since the United Kingdom was still an EU MS at that time. However, on 1 February 2020 it became a third country.
Number of tested animals, and herds were obtained by totalling respectively the animal sampling unit, and the herd or holding sampling units, of all sampling stages (backyard, border control posts, farm, hunting, natural habitat, unspecified, veterinary activities and zoo), sampling strategies (census, convenience sampling, objective sampling selective sampling and suspect sampling) samplers (HACCP and own check, industry sampling, official sampling, not applicable and private sampling) and sampling contexts (clinical investigations, monitoring, outbreak investigation, surveillance, survey and unspecified).
‘Sheep’ also includes the ‘sheep and goats’ category (NB, some countries reported both livestock types together).
Serology includes the complement fixation test (CFT), ELISA, competitive ELISA (C‐ELISA), indirect ELISA (I‐ELISA), IgG ELISA and the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT).
Direct detection methods include fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), microbiological tests, multiplex PCR, PCR, real‐time PCR, real‐time PCR (CEN TC 275/WG 6).