. 2023 Dec 11;23:2479. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17201-6

Table 2.

Overview of the study characteristics and results

Author (year); Country	Study Design	Aim	Participants	PA			Measurement		Original results presented in article
Author (year); Country	Study Design	Aim	N; Age (years; M±SD); gender	Indicator	Units; Context	Results*	Type; Instrument	total duration of wear time in h
Bloemen et al. (2019); Netherlands [19]	Observational Let's ride study	1. To describe time spent sedentary and physically active of wheelchair-using youth with SB and compare this with typically developing peers; 2. To describe the intensity of daily PA and the compliance to guidelines of PA; 3. To describe the intensity of different types of activities during daily life.	32; 13.7 (3.2); 20 boys, 14 girls	PA	min/ 24 hours; Schoolday	130	Objective; Vitamove, Actiheart	13.2	9% of 13.2 hours of wear time
				PA	min/ 24 hours; weekend	58	Objective; Vitamove, Actiheart	10.9	4% of 10.9 hours of wear time
				Wheeling	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	101	Objective; Vitamove, Actiheart	13.2	7% of 13.2 hours of wear time
				Wheeling	min/ 24 hours; weekend	43		10.9	3% of 10.9 hours of wear time
				Walking	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	0		13.2	0% of 13.2 hours of wear time
				Walking	min/ 24 hours; weekend	0		10.9	0% of 10.9 hours of wear time
				Running	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	0		13.2	0% of 13.2 hours of wear time
				Running	min/ 24 hours; weekend	0		10.9	0% of 10.9 hours of wear time
				(Hand)-biking	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	0		13.2	0% of 13.2 hours of wear time
				(Hand)-biking	min/ 24 hours; weekend	0		10.9	0% of 10.9 hours of wear time
				Non-cycling movement	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	0		13.2	0% of 13.2 hours of wear time
				Non-cycling movement	min/ 24 hours; weekend	0		10.9	0% of 10.9 hours of wear time
				Very Light PA (0-30%)	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	1088	Objective; Vitamove, Actiheart	12.7	575 min of 761 min wear time
				Very Light PA (0-30%)	min/ 24 hours; weekend	1146		10.5	500 min of 628 min wear time
				LPA (30-40%)	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	208		12.7	110 min of 761 min wear time
				LPA (30-40%)	min/ 24 hours; weekend	128		10.5	56 min of 628 min wear time
				MPA (40-60%)	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	104		12.7	55 min of 761 min wear time
				MPA (40-60%)	min/ 24 hours; weekend	46		10.5	20 min of 628 min wear time
				VPA (60-90%)	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	19		12.7	10min of 761 min wear time
				VPA (60-90%)	min/ 24 hours; weekend	2		10.5	1min of 628 min wear time
				Near to max. (>90%)	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	0		12.7	0min of 761 min wear time
				Near to max. (>90%)	min/ 24 hours; weekend	0		10.5	0min of 628 min wear time
				Very Light PA; 0-30 %	Experimental design	lying, sitting, non-cycling	Objective; Vitamove, Actiheart	n.a	n.a.
				LPA; 30-40%	Experimental design	Standing, wheeling, (hand)biking		n.a	n.a.
				MPA; 40-60%	Experimental design	Walking		n.a	n.a.
Bloemen et al. (2020); Netherlands [43]	Exploratory Let's ride study	To analyse the associations between PA and VO2peak, age, sex and Hoffer classification in young wheelchair-users with SB.	34; 13.7 (3.2); 20 boys, 14 girls	PA	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	128	Objective; Vitamove	58	8.9% of 2.4 days wear time
			34; 13.7 (3.2); 20 boys, 14 girls	PA	min/ 24 hours; weekend	58	Objective; Vitamove	58	4% of 2.4 days wear time
			36; 13.5 (3.6); 21 boys, 15 girls	MVPA	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	130	Actiheart	65	9% of 2.7 days wear time
			36; 13.5 (3.6); 21 boys, 15 girls	MVPA	min/ 24 hours; weekend	58	Actiheart	65	4% of 2.7 days wear time
			59; n.a.; boys	PA	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	115	Vita Move, Hoffer classification	58	8% of 2.4 days wear time
			59; n.a.; boys	PA	min/ 24 hours; weekend	58			4% of 2.4 days wear time
			Girls	PA	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	173			2% of 2.4 days wear time
			Girls	PA	min/ 24 hours; weekend	86			6% of 2.4 days wear time
			64; n.a.; Boys	MVPA	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	144	Actiheart; Hoffer classification	65	10% of 2.7 days wear time
			64; n.a.; Boys	MVPA	min/ 24 hours; weekend	58			4% of 2.7 days wear time
			Girls	MVPA	min/ 24 hours; schoolday	101			7% of 2.7 days wear time
			Girls	MVPA	min/ 24 hours; weekend	72			5% of 2.7 days wear time
			n.a.; n.a.; n.a.	PA	n.a.; schoolday	PA decreases with increasing age of (-0.369)	Vita Move, Spearmans rank correlation (PA & Age)	n.a.	n.a.
			n.a.; n.a.; n.a.	PA	n.a.; weekend	PA decreases with increasing age of (-0.286)	Vita Move, Spearmans rank correlation (PA & Age)	n.a.	n.a.
			n.a.; n.a.; n.a.	MVPA	n.a.; schoolday	MVPA decreases with increasing age of (-0.311)	Actiheart, Spearmans rank correlation (PA & Age)	n.a.	n.a
			n.a.; n.a.; n.a.	MVPA	n.a.; weekend	MVPA decreases with increasing age of (-0.512)	Actiheart, Spearmans rank correlation (PA & Age)	n.a.	n.a
Buffart et al. (2010); Netherlands [2]	Intervention	To present the design and procedures of the ALSP intervention.	1; 17; Boy	energy expanditure	kJ/kg/day; experimental design	43	Subjective; Questionnaire: PASIPD	n.a.	n.a.
Kanagasabai et al. (2018); New Zealand [44]	Interview	To develop a deeper understanding of the leisure participation experiences of children with movement impairments to be better able to inform families, therapists and community service providers about ways to improve engagement in leisure activities of children with movement impairments for their overall development and well-being.	9; 8.4; 7 boys, 2 girls	Organized sports	Type of sports (amount of all participants)	Archery (1) climbing (1) Rugby (1)	Subjective; Interview	n.a.	n.a.
Lauruschkus et al. (2017); Sweden [45]	Intervention	To explore how parents of children experience their child’s participation in physical activities and to identify facilitators and barriers for being physically active.	25 parents of 16 children (8-11 years); n.a.; 10 male, 15 female	PA	n.a.; n.a.	More passiv on school, more active at home	Subjective; Interview	n.a.	n.a.
Sol et al. (2019); Netherlands [46]	Mixed-method	To develop a questionnaire to assess confidence in wheelchair mobility in Dutch youth (WheelConMobility Dutch Youth).	8; 12 (8-17); 5 boys, 3 girls	Organized Sports	Number of participant in sport	6	Objective; Questionnaire	n.a.	n.a.
Sol et al. (2022); Netherlands [16]	Intervention	To evaluate the effects of a combination of wheelchair mobility skills training and exercise training on physical activity (PA), WMS, confidence in wheelchair mobility, and physical fitness.	35; 12.8 (3.1); n.a.	PA	min/ 24 hours; schoolday, weekend	94	Objective; Activ8 activity monitor	8	6,5% of 8 hours wear time / day
van der Geest et al. (2020); Netherlands [47]	Cross-sectional	To evaluate the validity of home measurements of upper extremity accelerometry.	2; n.a.; boys	Organized Sport	min/ 24 hours; n.a.	60	Subjective; PA diary	12.5	60min Sports at school
				Organized Sport	min/ 24 hours; n.a.	60	Subjective; PA diary	12.5	60min Physiotherapy
				PA	min/ 24 hours; n.a.	120	Subjective; PA diary		120min Playiing WII with friends
Walker et al. (2020); USA [48]	Photovoice	To examine barriers and facilitators to physical activity in rural youth with CP from the perspectives of children and parents and to elicit in-depth responses.	7 childen; (14.1 - 21); 4 boys, 3 girls	Organized sport	n.a.; n.a.		Subjective; Interview	n.a.	n.a.
Walker et al. (2020); USA [48]	Photovoice		8 parents; n.a.; 8 female	Organized sport	Type of sports (amount of all participants)	Climbing (1) Basketball (1)	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

*Note: Values are calculated based on the raw data.

PA Physical activity, LPA Light physical activity, MPA Moderate physical activity, MVPA Moderate to vigorous physical activity, n.a not applicable