Twitching motility assay. Twitching motility of the indicated strains was assayed as described in Materials and Methods. The results of a representative experiment are shown on the left. The red lines indicate the diameter of the twitching halos formed by PAO1 and Δwzy. The other strains did not form visible halos. On the right, the areas of twitching halos formed in replicate experiments (N = 5) are reported. Significance of the difference was evaluated with one-way ANOVA (F, 295.7; P, 9.8 × 10-21). Δwzy, PAMO301; wzy− pilS−
, PADR2; wzy− pilQ−
, PADR3; ΔpilQ, PAMO302.