Fig 5.

S. parasanguinis reduces P. aeruginosa-induced cytokine production. Cytokines IL-1a (A), IL-1B (B), IL-6 (C), IFN-γ (D), TNF-a (E), and IL-10 (F) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in single and dual S. parasanguinis (SP)- and P. aeruginosa (PA)-infected rats. n = 8–11; error bars represent standard deviation. Significant outliers were identified using the ROUT method and removed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test).