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. 2023 Oct 10;78(1):40–46. doi: 10.1136/jech-2023-220523

Table 4.

Regression models predicting pace of ageing, housing variables

Individual housing variable models Model 1: Contemporary housing Model 2: Contemporary and historical housing
Tenure (ref. Owned outright) Owned with mortgage 0.008
(0.006)
0.007
(0.006)
0.009
(0.006)
Social rent 0.013*
(0.007)
0.002
(0.007)
0.000
(0.007)
Private rent 0.047***
(0.010)
0.045***
(0.010)
0.046***
(0.011)
Other −0.068
(0.042)
−0.075
(0.043)
−0.077
(0.046)
Receive housing benefit (ref. No) Yes 0.007
(0.010)
−0.004
(0.009)
−0.008
(0.009)
Housing cost burden (ref. No) Yes 0.015
(0.012)
0.000
(0.012)
−0.002
(0.013)
Property type (ref. Detached) Semi-detached 0.008
(0.005)
0.004
(0.005)
0.003
(0.005)
Terrace 0.011*
(0.005)
0.004
(0.006)
0.004
(0.006)
Flat 0.033***
(0.008)
0.017
(0.009)
0.016
(0.008)
Other 0.008
(0.019)
−0.001
(0.024)
−0.002
(0.025)
Housing payment arrears (ref. No) Yes 0.017
(0.012)
0.009
(0.013)
0.004
(0.013)
Central heating (ref. Yes) No 0.024**
(0.010)
0.017
(0.011)
0.015
(0.012)
Overcrowding (ref. No) Yes 0.014
(0.011)
0.012
(0.011)
0.009
(0.012)
Rural/urban (ref. Urban) Rural −0.006
(0.005)
−0.002
(0.005)
−0.006
(0.005)
Moving desire/ expectation
(ref. Want to stay, expect to stay)
Want move, expect move 0.005
(0.008)
−0.009
(0.007)
−0.008
(0.007)
Want stay, expect move 0.009
(0.012)
−0.015
(0.011)
−0.015
(0.012)
Want move, expect stay 0.006
(0.005)
0.006
(0.005)
0.007
(0.005)
Ever report damp 0.009
(0.006)
0.007
(0.005)
Ever moving desire mismatch 0.001
(0.005)
0.000
(0.004)
Ever report space shortage 0.003
(0.005)
0.001
(0.005)
Ever report noise from neighbours 0.000
(0.005)
−0.006
(0.004)
Ever report street noise −0.002
(0.005)
−0.009
(0.005)
Ever report inadequate light 0.004
(0.005)
−0.001
(0.005)
Ever report inadequate heat 0.021***
(0.007)
0.013
(0.007)
Ever report no central heating 0.008
(0.006)
−0.002
(0.006)
Ever report condensation −0.003
(0.004)
−0.013**
(0.005)
Ever report leaky roof 0.013**
(0.006)
0.009
(0.007)
Ever report rot 0.006
(0.005)
0.001
(0.005)
Ever report pollution/environmental problems 0.010
(0.005)
0.013*
(0.005)
Ever report housing payment difficulties 0.015**
(0.006)
−0.002
(0.007)
Ever report housing payment arrears 0.033***
(0.012)
0.025*
(0.012)
Constant Included 0.691**
(0.241)
0.631**
(0.226)

Models include blood cell composition and batch number (coefficients not shown).

†p<0.10; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001, weighted n=901.