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. 2023 Jul 21;78(12):1233–1239. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220197

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spirometry outcome tracking though childhood in children with perinatally acquired HIV (CHIV), children who are HIV exposed uninfected (CHEU) and children who are HIV unexposed (CHU). Unadjusted means (with 95% CI) of spirometry measures by HIV group. Means are calculated for each yearly age band. The light grey dashed line represents z=0. FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s.