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. 2023 Oct 24;107(12):1839–1845. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2023-324097

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Model of biennial screening in the NELDESP cohort. Grey boxes in column 2 show the number of STDR and PDR events that would have been diagnosed and referred in routine annual screening during the biennial interval but diagnosed at least one year later in two-yearly interval screening. A breakdown by 3 major ethnic groups is presented in each box. Percentages in grey boxes relative to the total STDR and PDR (R3) events from a 2-year interval. W: white, SA: South Asian, B: black. B, black; SA, South Asian; STDR, sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy; W, white.