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. 2023 Sep 13;8(10):1334–1353. doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.06.005

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This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Increased PCSK9 Levels Are Associated With Age-Related Liver Changes

(A) Liver proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels. (B) Liver low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels and representative Western blot. (C) Serum cholesterol and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. (D) Liver histology, liver Oil red O staining, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) immunohistochemistry. (E) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS). (F) Liver triglyceride content and its correlation with serum PCSK9 levels. (G) Liver 4-HNE scoring. (H) Gene expression of CD68, f4/80, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX1), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), collagen 1a1 (Col1a1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). ∗P < 0.05 vs young; #P < 0.05 vs aging. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test. Scattered dot plots, show mean ± SEM. mRNA = messenger RNA.