Table 2.
Echocardiographic Characteristics of the Study Groups
| Young (n = 100) | Elderly (n = 109) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IVSd (n = 202), mm | 8 (8–9) | 13 (11–14) | <0.001 |
| LVIDd (n = 202), mm | 48 ± 4 | 47 ± 5 | 0.059 |
| LVPWd (n = 202), mm | 7 (7–8) | 9 (8–10) | <0.001 |
| LVMi (n = 202), g/m2 | 68 (61–78) | 95 (82–109) | <0.001 |
| LVEDVi, mL/m2 | 70 (63–82) | 76 (66–88) | 0.048 |
| LVESVi, mL/m2 | 33 (28–39) | 38 (32–45) | <0.001 |
| LVSVi, mL/m2 | 38 (33–44) | 38 (33–43) | 0.78 |
| LVEF, % | 54 (48–59) | 49 (47–53) | <0.001 |
| LVGLS, % | −20.5 (−21.7 to −19.5) | −17.9 (−19.6 to −16.6) | <0.001 |
| LAVi, mL/m2 | 27 (23–31) | 33 (27–43) | <0.001 |
| PALS, % | −31.4 ± 4.7 | −26.5 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
| RAVi, mL/m2 | 25 (21–30) | 26 (21–33) | 0.75 |
| RV basal diameter, mm | 31 ± 4 | 33 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| TAPSE (n = 194), mm | 23 (21–26) | 22 (20–25) | 0.25 |
| AV peak velocity (n = 203), m/s | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 0.003 |
| E (n = 205), cm/s | 87 (76–95) | 65 (54–80) | <0.001 |
| A (n = 203), cm/s | 53 (44–60) | 81 (68–92) | <0.001 |
| E/A (n = 203) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | <0.001 |
| DT (n = 205), ms | 165 (138–193) | 225 (196–279) | <0.001 |
| Septal e′ (n = 202), cm/s | 17 (15–19) | 9 (6–11) | <0.001 |
| Lateral e′ (n = 202), cm/s | 13 (11–14) | 7 (6–8) | <0.001 |
| Average E/e′ (n = 198) | 6.0 (5.1–6.7) | 8.6 (7.6–10.7) | <0.001 |
| TR peak velocity (n = 117), m/s | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
Values are median (IQR) or mean ± SD. The characteristics of the 2 groups were compared using unpaired Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate.
A = late mitral inflow velocity; AV = aortic valve; DT = E-wave deceleration time; E = early mitral inflow velocity; e′ = early diastolic mitral annular velocity; IVSd = thickness of the interventricular septum at end-diastole; LAVi = left atrial volume index; LVEDVi = left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVi = left ventricular end-systolic volume index; LVGLS = left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LVIDd = left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole; LVMi = left ventricular mass index; LVPWd = thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall at end-diastole; LVSVi = left ventricular stroke volume index; PALS = peak left atrial longitudinal strain; RAVi = right atrial volume index; RV = right ventricular; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR = tricuspid regurgitation.