Table 1.
Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) ownership, electric vehicle miles traveled (eVMT), and traffic-emitted air pollutants in disadvantaged communities (DACs) vs. non-DACs in Los Angeles County in 2020 and 2035
| 2020 | 2035 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | DAC (N = 1173) | non-DAC (N = 1167) | DAC (N = 1173) | non-DAC (N = 1167) |
| Share (%) | Share (%) | |||
| Number of Households | 45% | 55% | 45% | 55% |
| ZEV Ownership | 18% | 82% | 30% | 70% |
| eVMT | 43% | 57% | 46% | 54% |
| Pollutant emission reduction | (tons/year) | (tons/year) | ||
| PM2.5 | 0.39 | 0.51 | 11 | 13 |
| NOx | 6.3 | 8.3 | 56 | 66 |
| CO2 | 16,000 | 21,000 | 500,000 | 590,000 |
| Geometric Mean (IQR) | Geometric Mean (IQR) | |||
| Traffic-emitted PM2.5 concentration (μg/m3)a | ||||
| without ZEVs | 0.42 (0.22–0.79) | 0.20 (0.10–0.50) | 0.39 (0.21–0.72) | 0.18 (0.095–0.45) |
| with ZEVsb | 0.41 (0.22–0.78) | 0.19 (0.10–0.50) | 0.32 (0.17–0.60) | 0.14 (0.075–0.36) |
| reduction attributable to ZEVs | 0.002 (0.001–0.004) | 0.001 (0.001–0.004) | 0.065 (0.034–0.12) | 0.034 (0.017–0.093) |
| Traffic-emitted NOx concentration (ppb) | ||||
| without ZEVs | 5.0 (2.6–9.0) | 2.4 (1.2–5.9) | 1.6 (0.87–2.9) | 0.72 (0.37–1.8) |
| with ZEVsb | 4.9 (2.5–9.0) | 2.3 (1.2–5.9) | 1.1 (0.61–2.1) | 0.45 (0.25–1.1) |
| reduction attributable to ZEVs | 0.09 (0.05–0.18) | 0.06 (0.03–0.16) | 0.47 (0.25–0.85) | 0.25 (0.12–0.70) |
The upper part of the table reports the shares of the number of households, ZEV ownership, simulated eVMT, and corresponding aggregated emission reductions for PM2.5, NOx, and CO2 in tons per year for 2020 and 2035. The lower part of the table reports model-simulated pollutant concentrations attributable to traffic for PM2.5 and NOx and the reduction attributable to ZEVs in Los Angeles County SB535 DACs and non-DACs.
aAverage annual daily concentration.
bZEVs accounted for 2.2% of the total light-duty vehicle fleet in 2020, projected to rise to 50% (light-duty vehicle), 16% (medium-duty vehicle), and 20% (heavy-duty vehicle) by 2035.