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. 2023 Dec 12;13:22085. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49450-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ab68 treatment raised levels of NAD⁺ and NMN and augmented Sirt1 and Sirt3 activity. For mouse experiment design, see Fig. 2A. Mice were sacrificed at day 21 and tissue and sera were harvested for analysis. (A) CD38 activity in muscle and its correlation with dermal thickness. A red dot represents an individual mouse from the Ab69 group, while a green dot represents an individual mouse from the Ab68 group. (B) NAD⁺ concentrations in muscle, and correlation with dermis thickness. (C) NAD⁺ levels show negative association with CD38 activity in muscle. (D) NMN serum concentrations and correlation with dermal thickness. (E) SIRT1 and SIRT3 activities in liver and spleen. Each dot represents the mean of triplicate determinations from each mouse. The data in bar graph presented as means ± SEM. (F) CHO-mCD38 cells, which over-express CD38, were incubated with Ab68 or Ab69, and SIRT1/3 activity and cellular NAD levels were determined. Bars represent the means ± SEM of × 2 determinations. Pearson’s correlation is used to find a linear relationship between two variables.