Absolute changes in S. aureus abundance and cytotoxin production during RDBPC (up to day 42 [6 weeks]) and OLE phases (6 – 16 weeks) on lesional (left) and non-lesional (right) skin. S. aureus abundance was measured using qPCR for the femA gene (rCFU/cm2) in both lesional skin (A) and non-lesional skin (B) and by quantitative culture techniques (CFU/cm2) in both lesional skin (C) and non-lesional skin (D). Total S. aureus cytotoxin levels (μg/cm2), measured by bioassay from skin swabs of both lesional (E) and non-lesional skin (F), are shown. Data are shown as geometric means and 95% CIs and are adjusted for clinical site, disease severity at day 0, as measured by EASI ≥ 21.1 or < 21.1, and S. aureus abundance on lesional skin at day 0. The number of participants with evaluable data at each timepoint are noted below the X axis (with the total population denoted in black, dupilumab-randomized participants in green and placebo-randomized in purple). rCFU, relative colony-forming units