Table 2.
Comparison of variables between the group with ABLs and the group without ABLs.
| Non-ABL | ABL | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 815) | (n = 219) | ||
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 39 (30–52) | 47 (33–61) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.077 | ||
| Male | 476 (58.4) | 143 (65.3) | |
| Female | 339 (41.6) | 76 (34.7) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 101 (12.4) | 53 (24.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 61 (7.5) | 34 (15.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac disease | 11 (1.3) | 9 (4.3) | 0.018 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 253 (29.0) | 60 (27.6) | 0.765 |
| Co-ingestion | |||
| Alcohol | 304 (37.3) | 74 (33.8) | 0.380 |
| Drug | 202 (24.8) | 37 (16.9) | 0.018 |
| Exposure type, n (%) | 0.069 | ||
| Accidental | 231 (28.3) | 48 (21.9) | |
| Intentional | 584 (71.7) | 199 (78.1) | |
| Vital signs (median, IQR) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 124.0 (111.0–138.0) | 123.0 (108.0–139.5) | 0.505 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75.0 (65.0–85.0) | 80.0 (68.0–91.0) | 0.007 |
| Heart rate, /min | 92.0 (78.0–105.0) | 98.0 (85.5–113.0) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, /min | 20.0 (18.0–20.0) | 20.0 (20.0–23.0) | < 0.001 |
| GCS score < 9 at presentation in the ED, n (%) | 109 (13.4) | 81 (37.2) | < 0.001 |
| Loss of consciousness, n (%) | 535 (65.6) | 196 (89.5) | < 0.001 |
| COHb at presentation in the ED, % (median, IQR) | 15.6 (5.9–31.2) | 17.7 (5.4–31.5) | 0.420 |
| Laboratory findings at presentation in the ED (median, IQR) | |||
| White blood cell, × 103/mm3 | 10.0 (7.5–13.8) | 14.2 (11.4–18.4) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet, × 103/mm3 | 241.0 (208.0–284.0) | 236.0 (196.5–287.5) | 0.285 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 122.0 (76.0–236.5) | 1186.5 (201.0–5761.0) | < 0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.3 (0.1–0.3) | 1.0 (0.3–3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Troponin-I, ng/mL | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.6 (0.1–2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial pH | 7.4 (7.4–7.4) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | 0.174 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 24.0 (21.4–25.9) | 21.0 (17.2–24.2) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 2.6 (1.4–5.5) | < 0.001 |
| CO Exposure duration, hour (median, IQR) | 2.8 (1.0–6.0) | 9.9 (4.5–14.5) | < 0.001 |
| Interval from last CO exposure to presentation in the ED, hour (median, IQR) | 2.7 (1.3–4.6) | 2.9 (1.2–5.2) | 0.310 |
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy done, n (%) | 767 (94.5) | 199 (91.7) | 0.179 |
Values are expressed as the median (interquartile range) or number (proportion). ABL, acute brain lesion; COHb, carboxyhemoglobin; CO, carbon monoxide; DNS, delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; SpO2, saturation of percutaneous oxygen.