Table 4.
Comparison of variables between the group with ABLs and the group without ABLs in Hanyang University Hospital.
| Non-ABL | ABL | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 499) | (n = 106) | ||
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 38 (28–51) | 46 (33–58) | 0.005 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.440 | ||
| Male | 221 (44.3) | 42 (39.6) | |
| Female | 278 (55.7) | 64 (60.4) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 59 (11.8) | 21 (19.8) | 0.041 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (7.2) | 14 (13.2) | 0.066 |
| Cardiac disease | 6 (1.2) | 6 (5.7) | 0.009 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 228 (46.1) | 50 (48.1) | 0.790 |
| Co-ingestion | |||
| Alcohol | 147 (29.5) | 19 (17.9) | 0.022 |
| Drug | 141 (28.3) | 23 (21.7) | 0.208 |
| Exposure type, n (%) | 0.017 | ||
| Accidental | 155 (31.1) | 20 (18.9) | |
| Intentional | 344 (68.9) | 86 (81.1) | |
| Vital signs (median, IQR) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 125 (112–138) | 122 (108–145) | 0.578 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75 (65–84) | 77 (68–89) | 0.113 |
| Heart rate, /min | 87 (76–100) | 98 (84–111) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, /min | 20 (18–20) | 20 (20–24) | < 0.001 |
| GCS score < 9 at presentation in the ED, n (%) | 26 (5.2) | 28 (26.7) | < 0.001 |
| Loss of consciousness, n (%) | 272 (54.5) | 84 (79.2) | < 0.001 |
| COHb at presentation in the ED, % (median, IQR) | 9.0 (3.7–17.6) | 7.5 (2.6–21.5) | 0.664 |
| Laboratory findings at presentation in the ED (median, IQR) | |||
| White blood cell, × 103/mm3 | 9.7 (7.4–13.0) | 13.5 (11.1–18.2) | < 0.001 |
| Platelet, × 103/mm3 | 240 (206–285) | 233 (183–297) | 0.557 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 119 (75–234) | 1550 (203–6400) | < 0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | 1.3 (0.3–4.6) | < 0.001 |
| Troponin-I, ng/mL | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.4 (0.1–1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial pH | 7.4 (7.4–7.4) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | 0.051 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 23.9 (21.7–25.6) | 21.2 (18.0–24.7) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.7 (0.9–2.9) | 2.5 (1.2–5.5) | < 0.001 |
| CO Exposure duration, hour (median, IQR) | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | 9.8 (4.0–17.0) | < 0.001 |
| Interval from last CO exposure to presentation in the ED, hour (median, IQR) | 2.7 (1.1–4.7) | 2.4 (1.0–5.6) | 0.938 |
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy done, n (%) | 478 (96.4) | 95 (91.3) | 0.047 |
Values are expressed as the median (interquartile range) or number (proportion). ABL, acute brain lesion; COHb, carboxyhemoglobin; CO, carbon monoxide; DNS, delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; SpO2, saturation of percutaneous oxygen.