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. 2023 Nov 28;17:1310393. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1310393

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Copyright © 2023 Wilkins, Melbourne, Akella and Bronte-Stewart.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Schematic of four contact lead sense-friendly configurations. Blue contacts represent potential recording pairs and green contacts represent stimulating contacts. (B) Schematic of eight contact directional lead sense-friendly configuration. Directional leads allow the ability to stimulation with one, two, or all three segments in a given row. Only one example of an active segmented contact is shown. (C) Example of a wrist flexion-extension task which quantitatively measures bradykinesia at different levels of stimulation intensity relevant to clinical stimulation. (D) The observed Vrms across the different stimulation levels, with the therapeutic window highlighted in light green. (E) The accompanying power spectral density plots for one STN for the wrist flexion-extension task shown in (C) at the different levels of stimulation intensity.