Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the patients (N = 11)

Age, years	71.3 (4.8), 64–78
Sex, male/female (number)	10/1
BMI, kg/m2	17.4 (1.9), 13.9–20.9
Cigarette smoking, pack years	54.6 (24.7), 24.5–98
GOLD, III/IV, number	6/5
Pulmonary function test
FEV1, L	0.82 (0.25), 0.41–1.29
%FEV1, % predicted	32.2 (9.4), 16.8–48.2
FEV1/FVC, %	34.3 (6.6), 22.9–46.0
VC, L	2.47 (0.57), 1.83–3.39
%VC, %	78.3 (15.7), 55.6–100.5
Incremental work rate exercise testing
At peak exercise
Dyspnea, Borg scale	5.8 (1.2), 4–7
$V_{{\text{O}}_2}^{\prime }$, mL/min/kg	10.6 (2.6), 6.9–14.1
SGRQ
Total score	55.6 (17.7), 26.8–79.9
Symptoms score	67.5 (20.6), 19.1–92.0
Activity score	70.1 (13.1), 54.4–92.5
Impacts score	40.3 (22.4), 4.9–73.4
Medications (number)
LAMA	11
LABA	9
ICS	6
Triple inhalation therapy	5
Methylxanthines	0

Data are presented as mean (SD) and as the minimum and maximum values, unless otherwise stated

BMI body mass index, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced vital capacity, GOLD global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, ICS inhaled corticosteroids, LABA long-acting β₂-agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist, SGRQ St. George Respiratory Questionnaire; Triple inhalation; a combination of LAMA, LABA, and ICS, VC vital capacity, $V_{O_2}^{\prime }$ oxygen uptake

Medications are presented separately