Fig. 11.

Effects of β-AR stimulation on ERK1/2 activity. a The experimental data for ERK1/2 pp after 8 min of ISO stimulation with and without PKA inhibition (H89) were obtained from Zou et al. study [69] for rat cardiac myocytes. Data represent mean ± SE of three individual experiments. b Normalized ERK1/2 activity as a function of isoproterenol concentration. The simulation result is indicated by a solid line and the experimental data for ERK1/2 pp after 5 min of ISO stimulation were obtained from Shenoy et al.’s study [55] for HEK-293 cells. Data represent mean ± SE of three individual experiments. c The time course of ERK1/2 pp after indicated ISO stimulation. The simulation result is indicated by a solid line and the experimental data were obtained from Bogoyevitch et al.’s study [7] for rat cardiac myocytes. Data represent mean ± SE of at least three independent experiments