Fig. 8.

The effect of β-AR stimulation by ISO on PI3 K activity. a The β-AR-induced increase in PI3 K activity after 2-min stimulation by ISO with and without CGP antagonist. The experimental data were obtained from Yano et al.’s study [67] for H9c2 cardiomyocytes and represent mean ± SE from three separate experiments. b The simulated time course of PIP3 concentration after stimulation with different isoproterenol concentrations (0.001 µM filled circle, 0.01 µM filled diamond, 0.1 µM filled triangle, 1 µM star and 10 µM hollow square)