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. 2022 Mar 9;72:6. doi: 10.1186/s12576-022-00830-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Canonical TGF-β signaling transducer expression. Protein expression of GDF-8/myostatin (a and b) Smad2 (Ser465/467)/Smad3 (Ser423/425) phosphorylation ratio (c and d) on days 1 and 7 after unloading, and representative blots. CON, control; LOS, losartan. Samples were collected before (PRE), and on days 1 and 7 following hindlimb unloading. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation; n = 7 per time point. Normally distributed data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05 vs. PRE and ^†P < 0.05 vs. CON of each sex