Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by the trajectories of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms in older adults in China (2011–2018)
| All | ||
|---|---|---|
| (n = 6,106) | ||
| Age (median, IQR) | 66.0 (9.0) | |
| Female (%) | 49.7 | |
| Human capital | ||
| Education (%) | ||
| No formal education | 35.2 | |
| Less than elementary school | 20.8 | |
| Elementary school or higher | 44.0 | |
| Work status (%) | ||
| Currently working | 49.7 | |
| Retired | 47.9 | |
| Not employed/Never worked | 2.5 | |
| Social capital | ||
| Not married a (%) | 19.8 | |
| Empty nester (%) | 54.0 | |
| No participation in any social activities (%) | 54.8 | |
| Financial capital | ||
| Childhood family financial situationb (%) | ||
| A lot/somewhat better off | 9.0 | |
| Same | 50.1 | |
| Somewhat/A lot worse off | 40.9 | |
| Per capita household consumption at baseline (in Chinese Yuan; %) | ||
| Quartile 1 [ 0.0–2638.0) | 25.0 | |
| Quartile 2 [2638.0–4458.8) | 25.0 | |
| Quartile 3 [4458.8–8149.0) | 25.0 | |
| Quartile 4 [8149.0–222,640] | 25.0 | |
| Health capital | ||
| Childhood healthc (%) | ||
| Much/somewhat healthier | 34.6 | |
| About average | 52.8 | |
| Somewhat less healthy/Much less healthy | 12.6 | |
| Self-rated health at baseline (%) | ||
| Very good/good | 19.4 | |
| Fair | 49.3 | |
| Poor/very poor | 31.4 | |
| Structural factor | ||
| Hukouand residence (%) | ||
| Rural hukou, rural residence | 59.2 | |
| Rural hukou, urban residence | 17.5 | |
| Urban hukou, rural residence | 2.9 | |
| Urban hukou, urban residence | 20.4 | |
Notes. IQR = interquartile range
a Including widowed, divorced, separated, and never married
b Self-rated family financial situation before age 17 years, compared to the average family in the same community/village
c Self-rated health before age 16 years, compared to other children of the same age