Fig. 5.

Effect of tolfenamic acid on spatial memory deficits in ICV-OA mice. Model group mice exhibited long swimming time and swimming distance to reach the platform during the training period in Morris water maze test (a). Model group mice showed a decrease in the swimming time and swimming distance in the target quadrant in the probe trial (b). These effects were reversed by tolfenamic acid. No significant differences in swim speed were observed among the groups (b). The results of training period are expressed as the mean ± SEM. The other results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. n = 10; ^##p < 0.01 versus control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus model