Fig. 1.

Modulation of gastric motility by nociceptive input from paraspinal muscles. a Individual example of mean gastric pressure (6-s smoothing) recordings in intact, vagotomised and spinalised conditions for the intramuscular HS injection at T13. Note that spinalisation was always performed after vagotomy so spinalised rats are also vagotomised. The vertical lines indicate the beginning of the HS injection that lasted approximately 10 s. Gastric pressure was not affected by HS in the intact and vagotomised conditions but was decreased after spinalisation. Group analyses (paired t tests, n = 8) are presented for HS (b) and for IS (c) injected in the paraspinal muscles of three vertebral regions, including T2, T13 and L6. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001