Table 3.
Association between anthropometric characteristics and ACE, ACTN3, PPARD, and PPARGC1A polymorphisms
| Genotype | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg m−2) | FFM% | FFM (kg) | FFMI (kg m−2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE | ||||||
| DD (n = 12) | 163.3 ± 2.2 | 61.6 ± 2.2 b,c | 23.1 ± 0.8 | 67.5 ± 1.1 | 41.3 ± 1.0 | 41.3 ± 1.0 |
| ID (n = 74) | 160.5 ± 0.6 | 54.9 ± 1.1 b | 21.2 ± 0.4 | 70.0 ± 0.5 | 38.0 ± 0.5 | 38.0 ± 0.5 |
| II (n = 84) | 159.9 ± 0.6 | 55.4 ± 1.1 c | 21.6 ± 0.4 | 70.1 ± 0.4 | 38.1 ± 0.5 | 38.1 ± 0.5 |
| p value | 0.152 | 0.023 | 0.102 | 0.115 | 0.055 | 0.112 |
| ACTN3 | ||||||
| RR (n = 46) | 160.5 ± 0.8 | 54.3 ± 1.1 | 21.0 ± 0.4 | 71.0 ± 0.6 e | 38.6 ± 0.6 | 41.3 ± 1.0 |
| RX (n = 90) | 161.0 ± 0.7 | 56.0 ± 1.1 | 21.5 ± 0.4 | 69.8 ± 0.5 | 38.2 ± 0.5 | 38.0 ± 0.5 |
| XX (n = 34) | 158.7 ± 0.7 | 56.4 ± 1.7 | 22.3 ± 0.6 | 68.6 ± 0.7 e | 37.8 ± 0.8 | 38.1 ± 0.5 |
| p value | 0.126 | 0.766 | 0.296 | 0.04 | 0.735 | 0.514 |
| PPARD | ||||||
| TT (n = 65) | 161.0 ± 0.7 a | 57.1 ± 1.2 d | 22.0 ± 0.4 | 69.4 ± 0.6 | 39.3 ± 0.6 f | 41.3 ± 1.0 |
| TC (n = 77) | 161.1 ± 0.6 | 55.8 ± 1.2 | 21.4 ± 0.4 | 70.2 ± 0.5 | 38.2 ± 0.5 | 38.0 ± 0.5 |
| CC (n = 28) | 157.1 ± 0.9 a | 51.8 ± 1.3 d | 21.0 ± 0.5 | 70.1 ± 0.7 | 36.2 ± 0.7 f | 38.1 ± 0.5 |
| p value | 0.002 | 0.025 | 0.166 | 0.454 | 0.009 | 0.130 |
| PPARGC1A | ||||||
| Ser/Ser (n = 31) | 159.6 ± 0.9 | 56.5 ± 2.0 | 22.1 ± 0.7 | 69.0 ± 0.7 | 38.0 ± 1.0 | 14.9 ± 0.3 |
| Gly/Ser (n = 98) | 160.3 ± 0.6 | 54.5 ± 0.9 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 70.2 ± 0.4 | 37.9 ± 0.5 | 14.7 ± 0.1 |
| Gly/Gly (n = 41) | 161.6 ± 0.8 | 57.5 ± 1.6 | 22.0 ± 0.5 | 70.1 ± 0.8 | 39.6 ± 0.6 | 15.1 ± 0.2 |
| p value | 0.259 | 0.197 | 0.234 | 0.361 | 0.149 | 0.269 |
Values expressed as mean ± SE
BMI Body mass index, FFM% far-free mass percentage, FFM fat-free mass, FFMI fat-free mass index
a–fThe bold values indicate that there is a significant difference in the post hoc test using the a,f Scheffe and b–e Mann–Whitney U tests