Fig. 4.

Elevation of muscle temperature has direct impacts on muscle signal transduction pathways associated with glucose uptake. Isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles of rats weighing ~60 g were incubated without 2-deoxyglucose for 10 min at either 36 or 42 °C. Phosphorylation of signaling molecules was detected by immunoblot analysis with antibodies against p-AMPK (Thr¹⁷²), p-Akt (Thr³⁰⁸), p-p38 MAPK (Thr¹⁸⁰/Tyr¹⁸²), p-TBC1D1 (Ser⁷⁰⁰), and p-TBC1D4 (Thr⁶⁴²). A representative blot is shown above each bar. Data are expressed as the mean ± SE (n = 4–8). ^# p < 0.05 as compared to the control (36 °C). Temp temperature