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Cell sources for replacement therapies. A. Exogenous sources include cells harvested from 3D retinal organoids grown in vitro from progenitor stem cells, or differentiated retinal cell types (such as RPE, bottom) generated from embryonic or inducible progenitor stem cells. B. Endogenous sources for in situ repair are derived from Muller glial cells which may transdifferentiated into retinal progenitor cells and thence to mature photoreceptors, ganglion cells, and interneurons.
