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. 2023 Nov 20;29(12):3033–3043. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02640-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, The data collection process of two real-world datasets, that is, RW1 and RW2, for the original PANDA model and the upgraded PANDA Plus model, respectively. SOC, standard of care. b,c,e,f, The sensitivity, specificity and PPV on RW1 (n = 16,420) and RW2 (n = 4,110). The superscript * represents adjusted results if we exclude cases of (peri-)pancreatic findings. d, Proportion of different lesion types detected in RW1 (n = 179) and RW2 (n = 166). g, The comparison between PANDA and PANDA Plus on RW2 (n = 4,110). Error bars indicate 95% CI. The center shows the computed mean of the metric specified by the respective axis labels. The results of subgroups with too few samples to be studied reliably (≤10) are omitted and marked as ‘n/a’. h, Examples of (peri-)pancreatic findings (left) and the number detected by PANDA (right). CBD, common bile duct. i, Examples of cases in which the lesion was missed by the initial SOC but was detected by PANDA.