Fig. 1. These forest plots present estimated mean relative risks, their 95% uncertainty intervals and the data points underlying the estimates for each of the five outcomes studied in association with intimate partner violence exposure (major depressive disorder, maternal abortion and miscarriage, HIV/AIDS, anxiety disorders and self-harm).

The shape of the point indicates the type of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual and aggregate, including psychological) and the color indicates whether the point was detected and trimmed as an outlier. The light blue interval corresponds to the 95% UI incorporating between-study heterogeneity; the dark blue interval corresponds to the 95% UI without between-study heterogeneity. The black vertical dashed line reflects the null RR value (one) and the red vertical line is the burden of proof function at the fifth quantile for these harmful risk–outcome associations. The black data points and horizontal lines each correspond to an effect size and 95% UI from the included study identified on the y axis. We included multiple observations from a single study when effects were reported by form of violence, recall period and age group. Supplementary Table 15 contains more details on the included observations from each study.