Extended Data Fig. 5. Forest plots showing extracted studies describing the association between intimate partner violence against women and the risk for peripartum depression, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol use disorder.

These forest plots present extracted mean relative risks (colored points) for each of the three outcomes for which we found studies in association with intimate partner violence exposure (peripartum depression, heavy episodic drinking, alcohol use disorder). The color of the point indicates type of intimate partner violence (that is, physical, sexual, aggregate including psychological) and the shape indicates the exposure temporality used in the author’s case definition of intimate partner violence. The horizontal lines indicate the 95% uncertainty interval from the included study. We included multiple observations from a single study when effects were reported by form of IPV, recall period, and age group. Okunala 2022 effect size has been extracted accurately as reported in the publication but should be considered with caution as lower and upper uncertainty interval bounds are not consistent with the mean estimate.