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. 2023 Dec 13;624(7991):317–332. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06812-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a,b, Neuronal subclasses containing clusters that release modulatory neurotransmitters and their various co-release combinations with glutamate and/or GABA. UMAPs are coloured by subclass (a) and neurotransmitter type (b). c, Representative MERFISH sections showing the location of neuronal types expressing modulatory neurotransmitters. Cells are coloured by neurotransmitter type and labelled by subclass ID. See Supplementary Table 7 for detailed neurotransmitter assignment for each cluster. ADP, anterodorsal preoptic nucleus; AHN, anterior hypothalamic nucleus; ARH, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus; CLI, central linear nucleus raphe; CUN, cuneiform nucleus; DMH, dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus; DMX, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve; IF, interfascicular nucleus raphe; LHA, lateral hypothalamic area; MDRN, medullary reticular nucleus; MPN, medial preoptic nucleus; MPO, medial preoptic area; MV, medial vestibular nucleus; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; PAG, periaqueductal grey; PARN, parvicellular reticular nucleus; PB, parabrachial nucleus; PBG, parabigeminal nucleus; PGRN, paragigantocellular reticular nucleus; PGRNd, paragigantocellular reticular nucleus, dorsal part; PH, posterior hypothalamic nucleus; PMv, ventral premammillary nucleus; PPN, pedunculopontine nucleus; PVa, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior part; PVHd, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, descending division; PVi, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, intermediate part; PVpo, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, preoptic part; PVR, periventricular region; RAmb, midbrain raphe nuclei; RL, rostral linear nucleus raphe; SBPV, subparaventricular zone; SNc, substantia nigra, compact part; SPIV, spinal vestibular nucleus; TMv, tuberomammillary nucleus, ventral part; VII, facial motor nucleus; VMPO, ventromedial preoptic nucleus; VTA, ventral tegmental area; ZI, zona incerta.