Table 4.

Comparison within subjects measures for STAI-6

	STAI-6, mean ± SD		Mean difference (95% CI)	p-Value
	Pre-operative	+ 15 mina
AVD	32.0 ± 8.5	28.5 ± 8.7	− 3.6 (− 6.7 U − 0.4)	0.028
Female	32.6 ± 8.4	28.0 ± 6.8	− 4.6 (− 8.0 U − 1.3)	0.010
Male	30.6 ± 9.3	29.7 ± 12.9	− 0.9 (− 9.8 U 8.0)	n.s.
AD	34.6 ± 7.7	25.9 ± 4.4	− 8.6 (− 11.6 U − 5.7)	< 0.001
Female	39.3 ± 6.6	26.1 ± 4.1	− 13.2 (− 18.2 U − 8.2)	< 0.001
Male	31.4 ± 6.7	25.8 ± 4.7	− 5.6 (− 8.6 U − 2.6)	0.001
Total	33.3 ± 8.1	27.2 ± 6.9	− 6.1 (− 8.3 U − 3.9)	< 0.001
Female	35.0 ± 8.3	27.3 ± 6.0	− 7.7 (− 10.7 U − 4.6)	< 0.001
Male	31.14 ± 7.4	27.05 ± 8.1	− 4.1 (− 7.3 U − 0.9)	0.014

AVD audiovisual distraction; AD audio distraction; SD standard deviation; CI confidence interval; n.s. non-significant

Considered significant (p < 0.05)

^a15 minutes post-operative