. 2023 Oct 28;31(12):6069–6079. doi: 10.1007/s00167-023-07629-z

Table 5.

Comparison between and within subject measures for NRS-P

	AVD (n = 25)		p-value^c	AD (n = 25)		p-value^c	p-value^d	Total (n = 50)		p-value^c
	Pre	+ 2h^e	p-value^c	Pre	+ 2h^e	p-value^c	p-value^d	Pre	+ 2h^e	p-value^c
	∆ NRS-P			∆ NRS-P				∆ NRS-P
NRS-P, median [IQR]	1.0 [0.0–3.0]^b	0.0 [0.0–3.9]^a	n.s.	1.5 [0.0–3.0]^a	2.5 [0.0–4.0]^a	n.s.	n.s.	1.0 [0.0–3.0]	2.0 [0.0–4.0]	n.s.
NRS-P, median [IQR]	0.0 [−2.0 to 2.0]			0.0 [−2.5 to 3.0]			n.s.	0.0 [−1.5 to 2.5]

AVD audiovisual distraction; AD audio distraction; IQR interquartile range; NRS-P numeric rating scale for pain; n.s. non-significant

Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was performed, considered significant (p < 0.05)

^aMissing n = 1

^bMissing n = 2

^cWithin-group comparison

^dBetween-group comparison

^e2 hours post-operative