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. 2023 Dec 14;13:22193. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49594-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The distribution of NADPH-d positive abnormality in the sacral-coccygeal spinal cord of aged dogs. (A), (C) and (D) demonstrate the location and morphology of the NADPH-d abnormalities on the transverse section of aged dogs. Some positive fibers and structures cross the ependymal cells and reach the lumen of the CC (A). There are no aberrant structures in the CC of young dogs (B). Note abnormal mass-like or strand-like NADPH-d positive structures (black arrowheads) around the CC of aged dogs. Both intra-CC and extra-CC alterations are detected in (D). Megaloneurites indicated ventrally bridging from the CC to the anterior median fissure (A) and (D). (E)–(H) shows the location and morphology of the NADPH-d abnormalities along the CC in the horizontal section of aged dogs. Open arrowheads: NADPH-d positive neurons, black arrowheads: NADPH-d positive abnormalities, open arrows: the vascular structures, black arrows: normal NADPH-d positive neurites, the asterisk indicates lumen of CC. Scale bar in (A)–(C), (E) = 50 μm, in (D), (F)–(H) = 20 μm.