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. 2023 Dec 13;14:8270. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44080-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Contact maps (a) Nematostella Hox clusters, (b) Mouse HoxD cluster and (c) Fly Hox cluster show striking differences in the patterns of intrachromosomal interactions; d distribution of the distance from ATAC-seq peaks to their closest peak for human (Hs; n = 2069; SEM = 708.23), mouse (Mm; n = 73,834; SEM = 192.78), Sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus, Lv; n = 6441; SEM = 139.49), mussel (Patinopecten yessoensis, Py; n = 8831; SEM = 132.51), polychete (Owenia fisuformis, Of; n = 3245; SEM = 107.08), fly (Dm; n = 2811; SEM = 77.38), Caenorhabditis (Ce; n = 4043; SEM = 14.55), Hydra vulgaris (Hv; n = 2069; SEM = 94.12) and Nematostella vectensis (Nv; n = 1611; SEM = 35.3) Vertical bars represent the median, boxes represent the interquartile range and whiskers represent 1.5× the interquartile range. Outliers are represented by dots; e correlation of mean gene-ATAC-seq peak distance and genome size for the same species (regression confidence interval 95%).; f Number of microsyntenic blocks of 2, 3, and 4 genes in cnidarians, deuterostomes and spiralians. The number of syntenic blocks falls rapidly in cnidarians compared to deuterostomes and spiralians as the synteny length increases. Horizontal bars represent the distribution median of within-clade comparisons. Mouse silhouette is from PhyloPic (https://www.phylopic.org/; Daniel Jaron, 2018).