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. 2023 Oct 2;16(12):2543–2556. doi: 10.1111/cts.13646

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© 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Serum levels of autophagosome protein LC3A in study participants. (a) Comparison of serum LC3A levels in patients with KOA with pre‐ and post‐vitamin D₂ supplementation. (b) Graph differences of serum LC3A levels between before and after vitamin D₂ supplementation in patients with KOA. (c) Comparison of serum LC3A levels in patients with KOA with pre‐ and post‐vitamin D₂ supplementation and healthy controls. (d) Comparison of serum LC3A levels among patients with KOA with different KL grades before and after 6 months vitamin D₂ supplementation. KL, Kellgren‐Lawrence; KOA, knee osteoarthritis; OA, osteoarthritis.