TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with KOA with pre‐vitamin D2 supplementation and healthy controls.
| Variables | Patients with KOA before vitamin D2 supplementation (n = 165) | Healthy controls (n = 25) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (F/M) | 149 (90.30%):16 (9.70%) | 23 (92.00%):2 (8.00%) | 0.831 |
| Age (years) | 65.00 (60.00, 69.00) | 65.00 (53.50, 71.00) | 0.925 |
| Body composition | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.97 (22.95, 28.31) | 23.60 (21.10, 25.80) | 0.249 |
| ASMM (kg) | 16.58 (15.08, 20.08) | 14.20 (13.00, 16.80) | 0.134 |
| Percentage of fat (%) | 35.87 (30.78, 40.06) | 35.10 (27.45, 40.80) | 0.265 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 21.44 (17.39, 27.93) | 21.50 (16.30, 25.50) | 0.864 |
| Radiographic severity | |||
| KL grade 0 | 0 (0.00%) | N/A | N/A |
| KL grade 1 | 0 (0.00%) | N/A | N/A |
| KL grade 2 | 43 (26.06%) | N/A | N/A |
| KL grade 3 | 51 (30.91%) | N/A | N/A |
| KL grade 4 | 71 (43.03%) | N/A | N/A |
| Pain and physical disability | |||
| VAS (0–10) | 3.00 (2.00, 5.00) | N/A | N/A |
| WOMAC (0–10) | 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) | 1.33 (0.10, 2.67) | 0.007 |
| Muscle strength | |||
| Grip strength (kg) | 17.02 (18.74, 26.06) | 19.50 (17.40, 25.50) | 0.021 |
| Knee extension force (N) | 256.01 (202.88, 309.14) | N/A | N/A |
| Physical performance | |||
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.82 (0.78, 1.14) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.16) | 0.053 |
| TUGT (s) | 9.30 (8.11, 11.51) | 6.84 (5.89, 8.09) | <0.001 |
| STS (s) | 12.33 (11.57, 18.17) | 10.81 (9.28, 15.84) | 0.001 |
| 6MWT (m) | 374.02 (318.09, 424.35) | 380 (285.00, 404.00) | 0.018 |
| Metabolic markers | |||
| FBG (mg/dL) | 95.84 (86.45, 109.67) | N/A | N/A |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 4.00 (2.00, 9.00) | N/A | N/A |
| HOMA‐IR | 0.94 (0.36, 2.32) | N/A | N/A |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 210.44 (185.78, 238.10) | N/A | N/A |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 116.84 (89.19, 163.49) | N/A | N/A |
| LDL‐cholesterol (mg/dL) | 131.22 (110.77, 160.07) | N/A | N/A |
| HDL‐cholesterol (mg/dL) | 53.62 (46.00, 64.00) | N/A | N/A |
| Biochemical markers | |||
| PTH (pg/mL) | 49.57 (37.84, 68.56) | N/A | N/A |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.19 (9.00, 9.50) | N/A | N/A |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.50 (3.40, 4.00) | N/A | N/A |
| hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 1.06 (0.18, 3.76) | N/A | N/A |
| IL‐6 (pg/mL) | 20.58 (15.95, 25.23) | N/A | N/A |
| Protein carbonyl (nmol/mg) | 0.66 (0.43, 1.15) | N/A | N/A |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 20.84 (17.52, 23.94) | N/A | N/A |
| LC3A (pg/mL) | 65.04 (49.20, 87.54) | 39.70 (34.20, 56.37) | <0.001 |
Note: Data are represented as either median interquartile range (IQR) or Q1, Q3 for continuous variables or percentages for categorical variables. Bold values denote statistically significant at p value less than 0.05 (two‐tailed).
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D; 6MWT, 6‐min walk test; ASMM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA‐IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment‐Insulin Resistance; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; KL, Kellgren‐Lawrence; KOA, knee osteoarthritis; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; LC3A, microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3A; PTH, parathyroid hormone; STS, sit‐to‐stand test; TUGT, timed up and go test; VAS, visual analog scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and MacMaster University.