Table 4.
Risk ratios (RRs) indicating predictors of transition from single harm at age 16 years to dual harm at age 22 years: adjusted for sex and socioeconomic position (pooled estimates from imputed data)
| Characteristic/exposure | Dual harm at age 22 years | Risk ratio | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | |||
| All persons who reported single harm at age 16 (N = 1636) | 167 | 10.2 | ||
| Depression (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire; score ⩾12) (age 13) | 39 | 23.4 | 3.33 | 2.34–4.74 |
| Attitude to violence score (age 13) | 93 | 55.7 | 2.52 | 1.86–3.42 |
| Victim of dating violence (age 13) | 36 | 21.6 | 2.81 | 1.91–4.11 |
| Hit by friends (age 12) | 39 | 23.4 | 3.52 | 2.48–5.01 |
| Hit by someone outside family before age 11a | – | – | – | – |
| Hit by someone in family before age 11a | 28 | 16.8 | 3.41 | 2.28–5.10 |
| Hit with something by family before age 11a | 25 | 15.0 | 2.81 | 1.83–4.33 |
| Hit by someone in family between age 11 and 17a | 26 | 15.6 | 3.21 | 2.10–4.91 |
| Witnessed parental violence ever (age 21) | 30 | 18.0 | 3.42 | 2.26–5.18 |
| Family member self-harmed (age 16) | 37 | 22.2 | 2.63 | 1.81–3.82 |
| Close friend self-harmed (age 16) | 99 | 59.3 | 5.74 | 3.87–8.51 |
| Happy with body image (age 13) | 88 | 52.7 | 0.87 | 0.64–1.18 |
| Drug use in past year (age 15) | 23 | 13.8 | 3.56 | 2.27–5.58 |
| Higher levels of alcohol (age 15) | 101 | 60.5 | 2.92 | 2.11–4.03 |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score (age 13) | 11 | 6.6 | 2.90 | 1.57–5.35 |
| Callous unemotional traits (age 13) | 106 | 63.5 | 3.04 | 2.21–4.17 |
a
Reported at age 22.
–Cell count contains 5 or fewer participants so not reported.