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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 14.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2585:1–7. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2760-0_1

Table 1.

Functions of WNV proteins

Proteins Functions
Structural proteins Capsid (C) RNA folding, nucleocapsid construction, and regulation of cell apoptosis
Envelope (E) Receptor attachment and entry
Pre-membrane/membrane (prM/M) Formation and maturation of viral particle
Nonstructural proteins NS1 Viral replication and assembly, inhibition of the complement activation, and type I interferon production
NS2A Scaffold formation for viral replication, inhibition of host immune response, and virion assembly
NS2B Cofactor of NS2B-NS3 protease and polyprotein cleavage
NS3 Proteolytic activity, helicase, IFN inhibition, and inhibition of antiviral response
NS4A Cofactor of NS3 helicase, membrane rearrangement, IFN inhibition, and regulation of immune response
NS4B Membrane rearrangement, IFN inhibition, and regulation of immune response
NS5 Methyltransferase, RNA polymerase, IFN inhibition, and regulation of immune response