Table 2.
Association between periodontitis stages and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid disorders and COPD/emphysema, by logistic regression analysis
| NCD a,b,c | No. of observations | Crude OR (95% CI) | No. of observations | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular diseasea | ||||
| Stage II | n = 4730 | 4.99 (4.40–7.36) | n = 4055 | 1.39 (0.88–2.22) |
| Stage III/IV | 10.18 (6.83–15.17) | 1.73 (1.04–2.89) | ||
| Per unit increase | 2.84 (2.41–3.35) | 1.29 (1.02–1.63) | ||
| p-linear trend | < 0.001 | 0.032 | ||
| Diabetes, HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) in self-reported diabeticsb | ||||
| Stage II | n = 4750 | 4.64 (2.60–8.30) | n = 4114 | 2.12 (1.05–4.30) |
| Stage III/IV | 8.12 (4.45–14.84) | 2.56 (1.17–5.61) | ||
| Per unit increase | 2.52 (1.97–3.23) | 1.44 (1.03–2.03) | ||
| p-linear trend | < 0.001 | 0.035 | ||
| Rheumatoid disordersc | ||||
| Stage II | n = 4705 | 2.53 (1.85–3.45) | n = 4083 | 1.20 (0.79–1.81) |
| Stage III/IV | 3.42 (2.41–4.83) | 1.08 (0.66–1.77) | ||
| Per unit increase | 1.82 (1.55–2.14) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | ||
| p-linear trend | < 0.001 | 0.948 | ||
| COPD/emphysemac | ||||
| Stage II | n = 4130 | 14.52 (4.50–46.89) | n = 4061 | 4.17 (1.20–14.57) |
| Stage III/IV | 42.68 (13.28–137.15) | 5.40 (1.48–19.78) | ||
| Per unit increase | 4.22 (3.08–5.78) | 1.62 (1.08–2.43) | ||
| p-linear trend | < 0.001 | 0.020 | ||
Reference: No periodontitis/ periodontitis Stage I
Abbreviations: NCD non-communicable disease, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aAdjusted for HbA1c-level, BMI, hypertension, age, sex, smoking (pack years), income and years of education
bAdjusted for BMI, hypertension, age, sex, smoking (pack years), income and years of education
cAdjusted for hypertension, age, sex, smoking (pack years), income and years of education